The loss of coolant accident is due to the reduction of the coolant fluid volume in the first circuit. The direct cause of this accident is the mechanical failure or fatigue in the material of the first circuit components during the power plant operation. This accident, which is a design-based accident, is an important factor in assessing a nuclear power plant safety. If the break occurs in the main circuit of the first circuit with a diameter greater than 25% of the cross-section area, it shall be referred to as a large break. In this paper, this accident with a break diameter of 850 mm is modeled and analyzed using the TRACE code in a VVER-1000 reactor. The TRACE code is specifically designed for coolant loss accidents. With the help of this analysis, it is possible to have an accurate estimate of the reactor's safety and to obtain significant economic considerations instead of conservative assumptions assessment. Finally, the results of the TRACE code have been compared with the final safety analysis report of the power plant as well as previous research by the RELAP5. The results indicate the accuracy of the TRACE code in modeling the large break accident.

Background and Objective: Four percent of fractures were happened in clavicle bone. This study was done to evaluate the outcomes of superior reconstruction plating method in middle third of clavicle fracture.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 31 patients with middle third of clavicle fracture in Tehran-Iran, during 2009-12. The patients were treated surgically with superior reconstruction plating method. The treatment outcomes were determined by regular follow up in constant shoulder score, duration of union and complications of surgery.Results: The mean value of constant shoulder score was 87.6 which are reduced by chronical age. Non union rate and infection occurred in 3.2% and 6.5% of subjects. Duration of union and pre-scapular pain is increased by chronical age.Conclusion: Superior reconstruction plating method is recommended for middle third of clavicle fractures due to low complication, high constant shoulder score and lower treatment cost.

This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, and discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in Africa, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable with such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, and an implicit social element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition and protection of individual freedom. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire without external constraints, and the level of their individuality in relation to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue between liberals and more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of freedom that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality with a social element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. With this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual freedom, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates and feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance relations between liberal politics of individual rights and freedom, and communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic and political conditions in Africa societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, and not about Africa in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on social reforms in Africa. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality and differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual freedom are not undermined, and the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that Africa societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism and community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated within Popper’s critical rationalism.

Background & Aim: Crystalloids represent an attractive strategy to alleviate intravascular volume deficits. Studies have demonstrated that hemodilution with decrease antitrombin III is associated with hypercoagulability. However, there were not any researches about effect of different crystalloids on coagulation. The present study was undertaken to find out which of the used crystalloids has more effect on coagulation. Patients & Methods: In a prospective study on patients undergoing ACL reconstruction normal saline(NS), Ringer(R) and Ringer Lactate(RL)(n=25) were used for intravascular volume replacement based on standard protocol to compensate intravascular volume deficits. PT, PTT, BT, CT and platelet count were used at T0 (after induction of anesthesia), T1 (immediately after anesthesia), T2(6h after surgery) and T3(the morning after surgey), for comparing coagulability in groups.Results: Changes of coagulation at T1 in all groups were not significant. Mean (±SD) of coagulation tests at different times in all groups were statistically significant in PT(P=0.001), PTT(P=0.001), and CT(P=0.001) and not significant in BT & PLT(P>0.05).Conclusion: No differences between NS, R & RL were seen in coagulation tests and coagulability. However, hypercoagulability states were seen after hemodilution.

Persian poetry experienced many changes, innovations, concerns and disputes by the beginning of 14th century AH. Just in this period, Parviz Natel Khanlari composes “The Eagle Trace”, a masnavi of the most perdurable modern literary works. The reasons of The Eagle composition, its presentation to Sadiq Hedayat, quoting one of Khavas al-Hayvan’s statements, its first publication and the answers that other poets have given by poetic motivations and etc. are all ponderable points and the author has tried to illuminate them by criticizing several sayings and works through a coherent search to make a part of literary history of Iran clear.

The objective of exploration seismology is to measure accurately reflected wavefields from subsurface interfaces in order to generate an image of the geological formations. More often the seismic data is non-uniformly sampled, i.e. the data is not acquired on an equidistantly spaced grid. This may result in artifacts during data processing that complicate interpretation. Sampling may be nonuniform because of human-related reasons such as: 1. Faulty equipment and positioning errors, 2. It may be due to environmental circumstances, such as cable feathering in marine acquisition induced by ocean currents or 3. Due to inaccessible areas in land acquisition (cities, rivers, and canyons).The generation of uniformly sampled data from nonuniformly sampled data is called reconstruction and many different methods to reconstruct seismic data have been published over the years. The method used in this paper is called reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled data with least squares Fourier transform. It is based on estimating the Fourier coefficients that describe the non-uniformly sampled data, and once these coefficients have been found the signal can be reconstructed on any suitable grid via an inverse Fourier transformation. The efficiency of the method is evaluated on both real and synthetic seismic. All necessary codes were written in MATLAB environment.

Background and Objectives: Disaster occurrences lead to a wide range of built environment destruction and physical damages and followed by a widespread need for reconstruction. However, international experiences and failures of architects in providing reconstruction and accommodation projects reveal the presence of gaps in academic learning views and special planning and designing needs in critical circumstances. Evidence suggests that the successful participation of architects and built environments professionals in reconstruction requires knowledge and expertise in creating a resilient environment and community in post-disaster complex situations. According to the issue, the present paper tries to evaluate and examine the efficacy of reconstruction education technology for architecture students in reconstruction after disaster department at Shahid Beheshti University in two phases. First,field trip to affected places, case study and group discussion after primary learning the basics, theories and perspectives of the reconstruction. Second,deepening and expanding the learned lessons using narrative technique in teaching and close participation in class discussions. MethodS: The nature of the research is quasi-experimental, without control group and in the time period of a semester. Initially, with the aim of identifying the nature of the education technology process, a deep interview with professors of the reconstruction atelier were done. The main codes of this process were extracted by content analysis. Then, with the presence of the researcher in the atelier, through participatory observation, shared points and technologies of these ateliers were extracted and based on the professors’,viewpoint, they were corrected and confirmed. In the next step, the extracted process was measured by the longitudinal and pre-test and post-test research design, using a standard Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) questionnaire with 9 criteria. The research participants are freshmen students of post-disaster reconstruction postgraduate education, due to the lack of a specific mentality of the education process. Completing the questionnaires was performed at the beginning of the semester and then simultaneously with semester exams. In order to measure the findings validity, the research was carried out again in the academic semester of 2019-2020 and was performed by the 15-person group of new students. According to the findings with the lowest level of error, research findings were validated. Findings: Based on the paired t-test of pre-test and post-test data, reconstruction education technology in the preparatory atelier, with 95% confidence level significantly increases the level of criteria such as learning lessons, enthusiasm toward the lesson and the curriculum of reconstruction, interactive learning, and positive evaluation of the instructor’, s teaching. Also, in studying the two-way relationship of research criteria through Pearson correlation test, it has been determined that there are positive and meaningful relationships between the dual criteria of student's assessment of learning and the enthusiasm to course and instructor’, s teaching evaluation and the desire to group interaction Conclusion: According to efficacy of the technology in teaching practical and theoretical issues of postdisaster reconstruction to architecture students, it is suggested that it be considered in architectural design studios in order to enhance the capabilities of future architects in decision making and designing in disasters critical situations.

The negative impacts of Modem architecture and planning is experienced both in developed and developing countries. According to morphology scholars, the most appropriate way to avoid the historical discontinuity is to draw on the experience and values inherent in physical structures of the pre- modern city. An effort should thus be made to develop urban spaces with human scale, impressive environments and a sense of place. Drawing on the principles of spatial formation, the modern architecture and urban design in Iran tries to improve edges, skyline, corners, and other attributes in the image of the city- the principles which have been neglected for long. As an implementation policy, reconstruction of Modern architectural values is the key to establishing morphological values, spatial order and identity in the Iranian city. This also concerns functional aspects and promotes concepts such as public territory and appropriate urban activities.